Discrepancy between arterial oxygen saturation and pulse oximetry measurement in a Chinese pediatric patient cohort.

Background: Increasing evidence suggest a racial bias in pulse oximetry measurement, but this was under investigated in Asian pediatric populations. Methods: Via the Pediatric Intensive Care database, this retrospective study included pediatric patient records of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and oxygen saturation on pulse oximetry (SpO2) measured within 10 min. Discrepancy was examined, and potential predictors of occult hypoxemia (defined as SaO2 <88% with the paired SpO2 ≥92%) as well as its association with outcomes were explored by logistic regression. Results: A total of 390 patients were included with 454 pairs of SaO2-SpO2 readings. The study population consisted of Han Chinese (99.0%) and 43.6% were female. Occult hypoxemia was observed in 20.0% of the patients, with a mean SaO2 of 71.4 ± 15.8%. Potential predictors of occult hypoxemia included female, being first admitted to cardiac ICU, congenital heart disease, increased heart rate, while patients with prior surgery records were less likely to experience occult hypoxemia. Patients with occult hypoxemia had numerically higher in-ICU mortality (16.7% versus 10.9%) and in-hospital mortality (17.9% versus 10.9%), but the associations were not statistically significant. Conclusions: There was a substantial proportion of hypoxemia that was not detected by pulse oximetry in the Chinese pediatric patients, which might be predicted by several characteristics and seemed to associate with mortality.

Associations Between ABO Blood Groups and Diseases in the Digestive System and Vein.

Purpose: The ABO blood type system is crucial for human blood transfusions. However, the relationships between ABO blood groups and diseases in the digestive system and vein have not been elucidated. We investigated the relationships between ABO blood groups and diseases in the digestive system and vein in this study. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study on a Chinese population, including 1432 Crohn's disease (CD), 416 ulcerative colitis (UC), 1140 stomach cancer (SC), 841 colorectal cancer (CRC), 384 pancreatic cancer (PC), 520 liver cancer (LC), and 563 venous thrombosis (VT) patients, was performed. Furthermore, 896 healthy subjects were enrolled as normal controls (NC) in this study. The demographic characteristics of patients and NC were compared using the unpaired t-test and χ2 test. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between ABO blood groups and CD and VT. Results: ABO blood groups distributions in UC, SC, CRC, PC, and LC patients did not differ from that of NC, but CD and VT patients had significant difference of ABO blood group distribution from that of NC (p = 0.015 and p = 0.002, respectively). Patients with CD and VT had considerably lower rates of type O blood (p = 0.011 and p = 0.001, respectively) and significantly higher rates of type AB blood (p = 0.013 and p = 0.022, respectively) than those with NC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the association of CD and VT with non-O blood types was still significant with a higher risk than with blood group O after adjusting for age and gender (OR = 1.355, 95% CI = 1.100-1.670, p = 0.004 and OR = 1.465, 95% CI = 1.131-1.903, p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusion: ABO blood groups distributions in CD and VT patients significantly differed from that of NC. Non-O blood group could be a new predictor for CD and VT.

Chemical modification and doping of poly(p-phenylenes): A theoretical study.

CONTEXT: Conjugated polymers (CPs) have been recognized as promising materials for the manufacture of electronic devices. However, further studies are still needed to enhance the electrical conductivity of these type of organic materials. The two main strategies for achieving this improvement are the doping process and chemical modification of the polymer chain. Therefore, in this article, we conduct a theoretical investigation, employing DFT calculations to evaluate the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of pristine and push-pull-derived poly(p-phenylene) oligomers (PPPs), as well as the analysis at the molecular level of the polymer doping process. As a primary conclusion, we determined that the PPP oligomer substituted with the push-pull group 4-EtN/CNPhNO2 exhibited the smallest HOMO-LUMO gap (Eg) among the studied oligomers. Moreover, we observed that the doping process, whether through electron removal or the introduction of the dopant anion ClO4-, led to a substantial reduction in the Eg of the PPP, indicating an enhancement in the polymer's electrical conductivity. METHODS: DFT calculations were conducted using the PBE0 functional along with the Pople's split valence 6-31G(d,p) basis set, which includes polarization functions on all atoms (B97D/6-31G(d,p)).

Age-stratified analysis of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis using cone-beam computed tomography.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate age-stratified radiographic features in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis using cone-beam computed tomography. Materials and Methods: In total, 210 joints from 183 patients (144 females, 39 males, ranging from 12 to 88 years old with a mean age of 44.75±19.97 years) diagnosed with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis were stratified by age. Mandibular condyle position and bony changes (flattening, erosion, osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis, and subchondral pseudocysts in both the condyle and articular eminence, thickening of the glenoid fossa, joint space narrowing, and joint loose bodies) were evaluated through cone-beam computed tomography. After adjusting for sex, the association between age groups and radiographic findings was analyzed using both a multiple regression model and a multinomial logistic regression model (α=0.05). Results: The prevalence of joint space narrowing and protruded condyle position in the glenoid fossa significantly increased with age (P<0.05). The risks of bony changes, including osteophytes and subchondral pseudocysts in the condyle; flattening, erosion, osteophyte, and subchondral sclerosis in the articular eminence; joint loose bodies; and thickening of the glenoid fossa, also significantly rose with increasing age (P<0.05). The number of radiographic findings increased with age; in particular, the increase was more pronounced in the temporal bone than in the mandibular condyle (P<0.05). Conclusion: Increasing age was associated with a higher frequency and greater diversity of bony changes in the temporal bone, as well as a protruded condyle position in the glenoid fossa, resulting in noticeable joint space narrowing in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.

Alternative Systems: The Interplay Between Criminal Groups' Influence and Political Trust on Civic Honesty in the Global Context.

Individuals' endorsement of standards of civic honesty is necessary for democracies to flourish. A critical driver of civic honesty is the relationship of trust between individuals and institutions. Research has yet to systematically assess the contextual factors that may moderate this relationship. In this study, we examined the societal influence of organized criminal groups. Criminal groups operate as alternative systems of authority that erode the reliability of institutions' moral standards. We employed a new indicator that quantifies their societal influence to test the hypothesis that the association between individuals' political trust and civic honesty would weaken in countries more strongly affected by criminal groups. Multilevel evidence across 83 representative national samples (N = 128,839) supported this hypothesis. Moreover, the association between political trust and civic honesty was negative in contexts where criminal groups' influence was more extreme. We discuss the implications of the findings and future research directions.

Highly selective and sensitive immunoassays for flurogestone acetate analysis in goat milk: From rational hapten design and antibody production to assay development.

The preparation of high specificity and affinity antibodies is challenging due to limited information on characteristic groups of haptens in traditional design strategy. In this study, we first predicted characteristic groups of flurogestone acetate (FGA) using quantitative analysis of molecular surface combined with atomic charge distribution. Subsequently, FGA haptens were rationally designed to expose these identified characteristic groups fully. As a result, seven monoclonal antibodies were obtained with satisfactory performance, exhibiting IC50 values from 0.17 to 0.45 µg/L and negligible cross-reactivities below 1% to other 18 hormones. The antibody recognition mechanism further confirmed hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions involving predicted FGA characteristic groups and specific amino acids in the antibodies contributed to their high specificity and affinity. Finally, one selective and sensitive ic-ELISA was developed for FGA determination with a detection limit as low as 0.12 µg/L, providing an efficient tool for timely monitoring of FGA in goat milk samples.

Community Water Fluoridation and its Influence on Periodontal Health in Different Age Groups.

Background: Community water fluoridation is a well-recognized public health initiative known for its efficacy in preventing dental cavities. The positive effects of fluoride on tooth enamel have led to widespread implementation of water fluoridation programs. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1,000 participants from diverse age groups, spanning children, adolescents, adults, and older adults, residing in both fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities. Comprehensive periodontal assessments included measurements of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and the presence of gingival inflammation. Participants were categorized into "fluoridated" or "non-fluoridated" groups based on their residential history. Results: Fluoridated communities consistently displayed lower mean PDs, CALs, and rates of gingival inflammation across all age groups. Notably, the reduction in PD and CAL reached approximately 0.5 millimeters and 0.3 millimeters, respectively, while the decrease in gingival inflammation ranged from 3% to 5. Conclusion: This study suggests a potential link between community water fluoridation and enhanced periodontal health, as evidenced by improved PDs, CALs, and reduced gingival inflammation.

Combining rigid and deformable groups to construct a robust birefringent crystal for compact polarization components.

There is a pressing demand for the development of novel birefringent crystals tailored for compact optical components, especially for crystals exhibiting large birefringence across a range of temperatures. This has commonly been achieved by introducing various deformable groups with high polarizability anisotropy. In this study, we combined both rigid and deformable groups to synthesise a new birefringent crystal, Al2Te2MoO10, which demonstrates an exceptional birefringence value of 0.29@550 nm at room temperature. Not only is this higher birefringence than that of commercial crystals, but Al2Te2MoO10 exhibits excellent birefringence stability over a wide temperature range, from 123 to 503 K. In addition, the first-principles theory calculations and structural analyses suggest that although the rigid AlO6 groups do not make much contribution to the prominent birefringence, they nonetheless played a role in maintaining the structural anisotropy at elevated temperatures. Based on these findings, this paper proposes a novel structural design strategy to complement conventional approaches for developing optimal birefringent crystals under various environmental conditions.

Monodispersed Renewable Particles by Cascade and Density Gradient Size Fractionation to Advance Lignin Nanotechnologies.

Control over particle size and shape heterogeneity is highly relevant to the design of photonic coatings and supracolloidal assemblies. Most developments in the area have relied on mineral and petroleum-derived polymers that achieve well-defined chemical and dimensional characteristics. Unfortunately, it is challenging to attain such control when considering renewable nanoparticles. Herein, a pathway toward selectable biobased particle size and physicochemical profiles is proposed. Specifically, lignin is fractionated, a widely available heterogeneous polymer that can be dissolved in aqueous solution, to obtain a variety of monodispersed particle fractions. A two-stage cascade and density gradient centrifugation that relieves the need for solvent pre-extraction or other pretreatments but achieves particle bins of uniform size (~60 to 860 nm and polydispersity, PDI<0.06, dynamic light scattering) along with characteristic surface chemical features is introduced. It is found that the properties and associated colloidal behavior of the particles are suitably classified in distinctive size populations, namely, i) nanoscale (50-100 nm), ii) photonic (100-300 nm) and iii) near-micron (300-1000 nm). The strong correlation that exists between size and physicochemical characteristics (molar mass, surface charge, bonding and functional groups, among others) is introduced as a powerful pathway to identify nanotechnological uses that benefit from the functionality and cost-effectiveness of biogenic particles.

Stakeholder perceptions of thoroughbred yearling sales endoscopy in Australia: can we do better?

OBJECTIVE: To identify thoroughbred industry stakeholders' views on the yearling sales endoscopy in Australia. DESIGN: Semi-structured qualitative group interviews with equine veterinarians, thoroughbred breeders and yearling purchasers. METHODS: Twenty-nine experienced thoroughbred industry stakeholders participated in online focus groups: (1) equine veterinarians involved in yearling endoscopy; (2) thoroughbred breeders; and (3) yearling buyers. The focus groups were audio and video recorded and digital whiteboards were available. Data was transcribed, live-coded and analysed thematically. RESULTS: The main themes identified included the uncertainty surrounding the relationship between yearling laryngeal function and future performance, especially the significance of yearlings with grade 3 out of 5 laryngeal function; interobserver variability in the laryngeal function grade assigned by veterinarians to the same endoscopic exam; and the presence of intra-horse variability in laryngeal function over different time points. DISCUSSION: Stakeholders raised multiple concerns about the current yearling sales endoscopy process in Australia. Recommendations to address these concerns include further investigation into the race performance of yearlings identified with grade 3 laryngeal function; training of veterinarians to reduce inter-observer variability; and the need to determine the most appropriate grading system to use in yearlings. Future research should evaluate the significance of intra-horse variability in a yearling population.

Informal caregivers' experiences of support from a tailored primary healthcare unit for older adults - A focus group study.

BACKGROUND: Informal caregivers are an essential part of health and social care systems worldwide. As such, they may need professional support. AIM: The aim of this study was to describe informal caregivers' experiences and need for support from a tailored primary health care (PHC) unit. METHODS: This is a qualitative descriptive study using data collected from five semi-structured focus group discussions with a purposeful sample of 16 informal caregivers of older relatives. Respondents were recruited from a tailored PHC unit for people aged 75 years or older in a region in central Sweden. The data were analysed by qualitative content analysis with an abductive approach, based on the principles of the patient- and family-centred care framework. RESULTS: The overarching theme was 'Striving for partnership'. The findings indicate that informal caregivers to some extent felt supported by the healthcare professionals. However, the caregivers expressed a need to be further acknowledged by the professionals in order to participate in the care of their older relatives in the way they wanted. Moreover, insufficient information regarding the older adult's health condition and care provided by the professionals had a negative impact on the caregiver's participation in care. CONCLUSIONS: Informal caregivers have unmet needs for support and strive for a partnership with the PHC professionals. PHC professionals should be more attentive and invite informal caregivers to participate in the care of the older adult in order to meet their support needs and build an equal partnership. The patient- and family-centred care framework may be of guidance when providing care for older adults in a PHC context.

Effects of health educational and participatory consumer group interventions in improving food handling practices in regional director of health services area Kalutara, Sri Lanka: non-randomized controlled community trial.

INTRODUCTION: Safe and nutritious food is the key to sustaining life and promoting good health. Unsafe food creates a vicious cycle of disease and malnutrition, particularly affecting infants, young children, the elderly, and the sick. METHODS: The study consisted of two phases, a descriptive cross-sectional study, and an intervention study. Both studies were conducted in the Regional Director of Health Services area, Kalutara, Sri Lanka. The descriptive cross-sectional study [food handlers (n = 904), food establishments (n = 421)] was conducted with the objective of determining factors associated with food handling practices among food handlers and in food establishments. The interventional study was a three-arm non-randomized controlled community trial (n = 50 per arm) with interventions of a participatory consumer group, educational package group, and control group. RESULTS: The food establishments assessment tool (FEAT) contained 11 domains including 75 items with more than a hundred assessment points with a guide to conduct an assessment of food handling. The descriptive cross-sectional study found that food handlers' knowledge of food handling practices of storing milk, fish, and meat and fast-food items containing fish and meat was very poor (96.6%). Visibility of the last place of processing inside the food establishments to consumers was inadequate (19.2%) and the absence of the above-mentioned factor was significantly associated with an unsatisfactory level of food handling score in food establishments (p = 0.03). The unsatisfactory level of food handling was significantly higher among food establishments with non-personal ownership (p = 0.005), a low number of notices issued by legal authorities (p = 0.02), dereliction of duty by owners/managers on supervising (p < 0.001) and lack of medical certification to food handlers (p < 0.0001). Participatory consumer group intervention and educational package interventions were effective in improving food handling practices in food establishments and among food handlers (p < 0.0001). Two independent sample analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test showed, the best improvement in food handling practices was by participatory consumer group intervention (p < 0.0001) and the second was educational package intervention (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge and practices of food handling among participants were poor. A participatory consumer group is more effective than an educational package on improving food handling practices both among food handlers and in food establishments.

Age-dependent effects of metformin on human oligodendrocyte lineage cell ensheathment capacity.

Metformin restores the myelination potential of aged rat A2B5+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and may enhance recovery in children with post-radiation brain injury. Human late progenitor cells (O4+A2B5+) have a superior capacity to ensheath nanofibres compared to mature oligodendrocytes, with cells from paediatric sources exceeding adults. In this study, we assessed the effects of metformin on ensheathment capacity of human adult and paediatric progenitors and mature oligodendrocytes and related differences to transcriptional changes. A2B5+ progenitors and mature cells, derived from surgical tissues by immune-magnetic separation, were assessed for ensheathment capacity in nanofibre plates over 2 weeks. Metformin (10 µM every other day) was added to selected cultures. RNA was extracted from treated and control cultures after 2 days. For all ages, ensheathment by progenitors exceeded mature oligodendrocytes. Metformin enhanced ensheathment by adult donor cells but reduced ensheathment by paediatric cells. Metformin marginally increased cell death in paediatric progenitors. Metformin-induced changes in gene expression are distinct for each cell type. Adult progenitors showed up-regulation of pathways involved in the process of outgrowth and promoting lipid biosynthesis. Paediatric progenitors showed a relatively greater proportion of down- versus up-regulated pathways, these involved cell morphology, development and synaptic transmission. Metformin-induced AMP-activated protein kinase activation in all cell types; AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor BML-275 reduced functional metformin effects only with adult cells. Our results indicate age and differentiation stage-related differences in human oligodendroglia lineage cells in response to metformin. Clinical trials for demyelinating conditions will indicate how these differences translate in vivo.

Digital Health Interventions for Cancer Prevention Among Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups in the United States: A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic abruptly accelerated the use of digital health for cancer care. Previously, researchers identified a variety of digital health interventions for cancer prevention. The purpose of the present scoping review was to identify digital health interventions for cancer prevention designed for racial/ethnic minority groups. METHODS: The scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews and was guided by the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework. A search of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and CINAHL for peer-reviewed research articles published from database inception to August 21, 2023, was conducted. Peer-reviewed studies published in English that employed digital health interventions for cancer prevention, that were conducted among racial/ethnic minority groups, and that were conducted in the United States were included. Also included were cancer prevention interventions for people who did not have cancer, people who did have cancer, and cancer survivors. Excluded were interventions that included non-Hispanic White individuals, interventions performed outside the United States, interventions that combined face-to-face methods with digital strategies, and interventions that did not clearly include digital health. Articles that focused on technologies for collecting and transmitting health data (e.g., remote patient monitoring) without an explicit tie-in to cancer prevention intervention outcomes were also excluded. RESULTS: Following screening, eight articles met the eligibility criteria. Six of the articles were published prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and two were published during it. The digital health interventions for cancer prevention in racial/ethnic minority groups included screening (n = 5), emotional support and education (n = 1), human papillomavirus vaccination (n = 1), and education and treatment (n = 1). A consistently measured outcome was intervention efficacy. Four authors explicitly stated that theories or theoretical constructs were employed to guide intervention development. Also, no interventions were created using novel devices such as emerging technologies. CONCLUSIONS: We identified several notable gaps regarding digital health for cancer prevention among racial/ethnic minority groups. Addressing these gaps may help guide continued innovation in the use of digital health for cancer prevention among racial/ethnic minority groups.

Developing an interprofessional decision support tool for diabetic foot ulcers management in primary care within the family medicine group model: a Delphi study in Canada.

BACKGROUND: Primary care professionals encounter difficulties coordinating the continuum of care between primary care providers and second-line specialists and adhere to practice guidelines pertaining to diabetic foot ulcers management. Family medicine groups are providing primary care services aimed to improve access, interdisciplinary care, coordination and quality of health services, and reduce emergency department visits. Most professionals working in family medicine groups are primary care physicians and registered nurses. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an interprofessional decision support tool to guide the management of diabetic foot ulcers for primary care professionals working within the family medicine group model. METHODS: A one-page decision tool developed by the research team was validated by an expert panel using a three-round Delphi protocol held between December 2019 and August 2021. The tool includes 43 individual actions and a care pathway from initial presentation to secondary prevention. Data collection was realized with both paper and electronic questionnaires, and answers were compiled in an electronic spreadsheet. Data was analyzed with use of descriptive statistics, and consensus for each item was defined as ≥ 80% agreement. RESULTS: Experts from 12 pre-identified professions of the diabetic foot ulcer interdisciplinary care team were included, 39 participants out of the 59 invited to first round (66.1%), 34 out of 39 for second (87.2%) and 22 out of 34 for third (64.7%) rounds. All items included in the final version of the decision support tool reached consensus and were deemed clear, relevant and feasible. One or more professionals were identified to be responsible for every action to be taken. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided a comprehensive decision support tool to guide primary care professionals in the management of diabetic foot ulcers. Implementation and evaluation in the clinical setting will need to be undertaken in the future.

Ethnic disparities in breast cancer patterns in Brazil: examining findings from population-based registries.

PURPOSE: To investigate breast cancer (BC) incidence and mortality rates among specific racial groups in Brazil. METHODS: BC incidence was evaluated from 2010 to 2015, using Brazilian Population-Based Cancer Registries, incorporating crude ratios and annual average percentage change (AAPC). Clinical and sociodemographic data from 2000 to 2019 were obtained from Hospital-Based Cancer Registries. Mortality data from 2000 to 2020 were sourced from the National Mortality Information System, comparing White women and Black women. RESULTS: Across 13 Brazilian registries, 70,896 new BC cases were reported from 2010 to 2015. The median BC incidence rate was notably higher for White women (101.3 per 100,000) compared to Black women (59.7 per 100,000). In the general population, non-significant decrease in annual BC incidence was observed (AAPC = - 1.2; p = 0.474). Black women were more likely to live in underdeveloped areas, have lower education levels, live without a partner, and have higher alcohol consumption as compared to White women. A higher proportion of Black women received advanced-stage diagnoses (60.1% versus 50.6%, p < 0.001). BC-related mortality analysis showed 271,002 recorded deaths, with significant increase in BC-specific mortality rates in both racial groups. Black women displayed an AAPC of 2.3% (p < 0.001), while White women demonstrated a moderately elevated AAPC of 0.6% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study underscores the need for targeted policies to address disparities in access to early detection and proper treatment, particularly for Black women in underprivileged regions, aiming to improve the survival rates of Brazilian women grappling with BC.

Acceptability and Feasibility of Initiating a Low Fat Eating Plan in Reproductive Aged Women with Obesity.

Adverse effects of obesity on reproduction are believed in part due to diet related factors leading to hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia. It is unknown whether administration of a low fat eating plan, regardless of weight loss, will improve reproductive axis function in women with obesity. To develop an acceptable and feasible low fat eating plan for a diverse group of reproductive aged women with obesity. Focus groups to determine preferences and barriers to a planned dietary intervention providing very low fat (22% daily calories from fat) eucaloric food to control fat exposure, but not cause weight loss. Logistics of the intervention and monitoring over three menstrual cycles were discussed. Eighteen women enrolled into 4 different focus groups both live and video, 2 at the University of Colorado and 2 at the Morehouse School of Medicine. All participants expressed interest in implementing a low fat dietary intervention and were further interested in instruction on how to maintain healthy eating habits for future fertility. Provision of ethnically appropriate foods, social support to avoid lapses, and tasty alternatives to high fat foods were considered ideal aspects of a feasible intervention. Incentives and graduated compensation for adherence were considered desirable features. Women with obesity are interested in implementing dietary interventions that may improve their health and fertility. Given the diversity of responses based upon the demographics of our sample, it is important to assess geographical and cultural preferences prior to implementing of a dietary strategy.

Anthraquinone-based polymer modified BiVO4 photoanode with strong electron-withdrawing functional groups for boasting photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

The photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance ofBiVO4 is limited by sluggish water oxidation kinetics and severe carrier recombination. Herein, a novel high-performance BiVO4/NiFe-NOAQ photoanode is prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal method, using BiVO4 and 1-Nitroanthraquinone (NOAQ) as raw materials. The BiVO4/NiFe-NOAQ photoanode has an excellent photocurrent density of 5.675 mA cm-2 at 1.23 VRHE, which is 3.35 times higher than that of the pure BiVO4 (1.693 mA cm-2) photoanode. The BiVO4/NiFe-NOAQ shows a significant improvement in charge separation efficiency (86.12 %) and charge injection efficiency (87.86 %). The improvement is ascribable to the NiFe-NOAQ form a type II heterojunction with BiVO4 to inhibit carrier recombination. More importantly, the kinetic isotope experiment suggests that the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process can enhance the charge transfer of BiVO4/NiFe-NOAQ. The contact angle measurements show that modifying functional groups enhanced the hydrophilicity of BiVO4/NiFe-NOAQ, which can further accelerate the PCET process. The XPS and PL results as well as the tauc plot indicate that the strong electron-withdrawing ability of -NO2 which can promote the extension of π conjugation, results in more π electron delocalization and produces more efficient active sites, thus achieving efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation.